Saturday, 13 May 2023

 PESTEL analysis

                          (  Framework for analysing sources of opportunities and threats )

• Political

• Economic

• Social

• Technological

• Environmental

• Legal

Organization can use PESTEL analysis as a framework for analysing the general business environment (Macro - environmental), and the opportunities and threats present in the environment. 

Political  : Government decision and policies such as changes in competition policies and consumer policies

Economic : Impact of the economic cycle (Recession or economic growth), inflation , interest rate , tax rate, foreign exchange rates, 

Social : Demographics, changes in tastes or culture (Demographic changes can affect workforces as well as consumers)

Technological : Changes in technology that affect ways of working, or the types of products and services demanded.

Environmental or Ecological : Green issues such as pollution, climate change, environmental regulation, consumer attitudes to products (environmentally friendly, sustainable etc.)

Legal : Laws and regulation, including any changes to them (eg. employment law, health and safety , data protection)

                                                                                                    (Reference : ACCA text book)

Monday, 23 September 2019

COSTING RUN PROCESS IN SAP

Costing runs enable to user to simultaneously cost and analyze multiple materials, and update them in the material master.
 The first step in creating the costing run is establishing the general data.
Costing Run Steps:

Choose # Accounting  Controlling Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing Costing Run Edit Costing Run

Edit Costing Run (CK40N)
Screeen 1 : General Data
a)    Costing variant :  
b)    Company code,
c)     Transfer control ID.
Screen 2 : Process Flow
a)       Material selection ( Selecting Materials for a Costing Run )
b)       BOM explosion ( Exploding BOMs for a Costing Run )
c)       Costing ( Executing the Costing Run )
d)       Analysis ( Analyzing the Costing Run )
e)       Price update ( Updating Prices )

Costing Run Procedure

Without Reference
1.      Choose # Accounting  > Controlling > Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing > Costing Run > Edit Costing Run
The Edit Costing Run screen appears.
2.      Choose # Costing Run >Create
The Create Costing Run screen appears.
3.      Enter the following data:
a)       A name for the costing run
b)       A description
c)       Date of the costing run
4.      Enter the following data on the Costing data tab:
a)       Costing variant used to create and valuate the quantity structure and calculate overhead. The costing variant also determines whether the costing results can be written to the material master record.
b)       Costing version
c)       The controlling area and company code
If cross-company costing has been activated in Customizing for Product Cost Planning, you can transfer existing cost estimates from other company codes within the active controlling area.
d)       If applicable, the transfer control ID for the transfer of existing cost estimate
The transfer control ID is proposed from the costing variant. The costing variant also specifies whether the transfer control ID can be changed at this point.
e)       If applicable, the server group for parallel processing
5.      Press ENTER.
6.      Check the proposed costing dates in the tab page Dates (quantity structure date, valuation date and costing validity period) and change them if necessary.
*Note
The costing dates proposed are based on date control and date of the costing run. However, you can still change the dates if the appropriate setting has been made in date control.
7.      Save the costing run.
With Reference
Choose # Accounting  > Controlling > Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing > Costing Run > Edit Costing Run
The Edit Costing Run screen appears.
1.      Choose With Reference.
The Create Costing Run screen appears.
2.      Enter the following data:
o    A name for the costing run
o    A description
o    Date of the costing run
3.      Under Copy from, enter the costing run (and its date) to be used as the reference.
4.      Press ENTER.
The system proposes the dates of the costing run reference on the Costing dates and Dates tabs.
5.      Check these dates and change them if necessary.
6.      Save the costing run.
TCODE
Description
Functional Area
CK40N
Edit costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK11N
Create Material Cost Estimate
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK44
Delete costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK31
Print Log of costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK41
Create costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099930
Analyze costing run
CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK42
Change costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099932
Variances Between costing runs
CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK68
Release costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099931
Analyze costing run
CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK43
Display costing run
CO - Product Cost Planning
CKMLRUNDEL
Delete costing run (Actual Costing)
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CK45
Delete costing run in Background
CO - Product Cost Planning
CKRU03
ML costing run, Display Profile
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU05
Display ML costing run
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU00
Create ML costing run
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU07
Plants in costing runs
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU02
ML costing run, Change Profile
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU06
Delete ML costing run
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU01
ML costing run, Create Profile
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
MM01
Create Material &
LO - Material Master
MM02
Change Material &
LO - Material Master
FERT
Flow of cost trace
FI - Financial Accounting
MM03
Display Material &
LO - Material Master
KP26
Change Plan Data for Activity Types
CO - Cost Center Accounting
MR21
Price Change
MM - Invoice Verification
KO88
Actual Settlement: Order
CO - Overhead Cost Orders
CK24
Price Update with Cost Estimate
CO - Product Cost Planning
CKR1
Reorganization in Product costing
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK13N
Display Material Cost Estimate
CO - Product Cost Planning
OKTZ
Cost Comp. Str (View Cluster Maint.)
CO - Product Cost Planning
OKKN
costing Variants for Product costing
CO - Product Cost Planning
OKK4
Valuation Variants for Prod. costing
CO - Product Cost Planning
MIGO
Goods Movement
MM - Inventory Management
F110
Parameters for Automatic Payment
FI - Financial Accounting
MD04
Display Stock/Requirements Situation
PP - Master Data
RSA1
Modeling - DW Workbench
BW - Data Warehousing Workbench
VA02
Change Sales Order
SD - Sales
CKMI_RUN
Post Closing for costing run
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
OKB9
Change Automatic Account Assignment
CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
CKMLCP
Cockpit Actual costing
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
KKAX
WIP Calculation for Order
CO - Cost Object Controlling
KGI2
Act. Overhead: Int.Order Ind.Pro
CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
KL01
Create Activity Type
CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
OPL1
costing Variants: PP Prod. Order
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK94
Change Mixing Ratio
CO - Product Cost Planning
CK91N
Edit Procurement Alternatives
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
KALNRCHECK
Consist. Check for costing run Nos.
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMLRUNCUMDEL
Delete costing run cumulation
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMB_RUN
Create Basic List for costing run
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMLRUNREORG
Reorganization of costing runs
CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger

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