Friday 20 April 2012

BRIGHT CAREER OPTION AFTER 12TH PASSED

BRIGHT CAREER OPTION AFTER 12TH PASSED:
AS A COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT (CMA)

(A) Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICAI):
The Profession of Cost Accountancy is regulated by a Special Act of Parliament, viz. The Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959. With the passing of the Act by Parliament, “The Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India” came into being on 28th May, 1959. It has since been continuously contributing to the growth of Industrial and economic climate of this country.
The Institute of Cost Accountants of India (formerly known as, The Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India) is the only recognized statutory professional organization and licensing body in India specializing exclusively in the field of Cost and Management Accountancy.
The Head Office of the institute is situated at 12, Sudder Street, Kolkata -700016
The Institute imparts training and conducts professional examination in Cost Accountancy.

(B) Career in Cost and Management Accountancy:
As a result of Globalization on Indian Economy followed by Liberalization policy of the Government of India, competition in Indian Industries has become very severe resulting in generating awareness about the importance of Cost and Management Techniques in achieving Corporate Objectives. It has percolated into a much wider filed, encompassing small, medium, and large organization. In turn the members of this profession have innumerable opportunities for gainful and prestigious employment as well as in the field of Consultancy and Teaching, As an adjunct professional qualification, training in Cost and Management accountancy acts as a catalyst to personal development. This is evident from the number of Cost and Management Accountancy today occupying top-level post in Government, Commerce and Industry. The CMA occupies responsible position with handsome remuneration / compensation for the diverse jobs He / She performs.

(C) To be CMA:
One is required to pass Foundation Course, Intermediate and Final examinations conducted by the Institute and to acquire practical experience of 3 years to become an Associate Member of the Institute. A member can practice as Cost Accountant after obtaining a Certificate of Practice (COP) from the Institute.
Practicing Cost Accountant can undertake following assignments:
     i.        Cost Audit u/s 233(B) of the Companies Act, 1956

   ii.        Certification of Cost and Other data as required by the various Government Departments like Excise, Customs, Sales Tax, DGFT, BICP etc.


  iii.        Consultancy assignments in areas like :- Installation of Costing / Integrated Accounting System, Budgetary Control System, Project Report and Project Financing, Internal Audit and Management Audit, Management Consultancy, Direct and Indirect Taxation, Company Law Matters etc..
In large industrial organization, Cost and Management Accountant has a more specialized field, Management Reporting, Management Accountancy and Decision Making.
To enhance the capabilities of qualified Cost & Management Accountants and to equip them for these activities, Institute conducts Post Graduate Examination in Management Accountancy entry to which is restricted only to those who are qualified Cost & Management Accountants.

(D) Admission Eligibility
I. FOUNDATION COURSE:
a)    Completed 17 years of age on the date of application.
b)   Passed the Senior Secondary School Examination under the 10+2 Scheme recognized by the Central Government or equivalent qualification (GDC, Engg. Diploma Holder)
II. INTERMIDIATE:
a)    Passed Foundation Course Examination of ICAI (formerly known as ICWAI) OR
b)   Passed Graduate Examination of any recognized University / Equivalent examination as defined by the ICWAI.
III. FINAL:
a)    ICAI (formerly known as ICWAI) Intermediate Examination Passed.

For more details visit: http://www.icwai.org









Thursday 19 April 2012

Maharashtra State Budget 2012


Highlights of Maharashtra State Budget 2012


1.     MVAT rate amendments as under effective from 01.04.2012
a.     Semi processed and ready to cook vegetarian food – Reduced rate from 12.5% to 5%
b.     Bamboo and Bamboo products – 5%
c.      Rock salt -5%
d.     Safety Helmets -5%
e.     Umbrella and Raincoats except garden umbrella – 5%
f.       Dry fruits excluding raisins and currants – 5%
g.     Raw, semi cooked, semi processed, readymix and ready to cook preparations, sold in sealed containers excluding ready to eat foods -5%
h.     Sanitary napkins & Adult diapers –rate reduced from 12.5% to 5%
i.        Plaster of Paris – Rate increased from 5% to 12.5%
j.       ATF Sales in places other than Mumbai and Pune – Rate increased from 4% to 5%
k.     LPG for domestic use –Rate increased from Nil to 3%
l.        Cotton Yarn –Rate reduced from 5% to 2%
m.  Education materials – Rate reduced from 12.5% to 5%
n.     Machinery to poultry industry – Rate reduced from 12.5% to 5%
o.     Tea – Concessional rate of 5% to Continue till 31st March, 2013
p.     Furnishing Cloth -5% Vat at last point sale as against existing exemption from VAT
2.     Reduction in set-off available as per rule 53(3) :In case of branch transfers effected outside the State has been increased from 2% to 4% w.e.f. 01.04.2012

3.     Following changes will be effective on passage of the bill in Vidhan Sabha
a.     Entry tax @ 12.5% levied on Natural Gas (The Levy is subject to complete set off in case where Natural Gas is resold and set off in excess of 3% in other cases)
b.     5% Purchase tax levied on purchase of cotton and oil seed from unregistered persons / dealers.
c.      Motor vehicle tax increased by 2% in case of petrol cars and jeeps and 4% in case of diesel cars and jeeps.
d.     Motor vehicle tax reduced by 2% on new motor vehicles where the manufacturer has fitted the CNG Kit.
e.     Motor Vehicle tax fully exempted on battery operated vehicles.
f.       Late fee of  ` 5000 for delay in filing VAT returns as against existing penalty of  ` 5000

NOTE: The dealers will not be able to upload the returns after the due date, till this late fee is paid.

4.     Rare of Tax deduction at source – TDS related to Works Contract
a.     Increased from 4% to 5% on works contracts executed by dealers not registered under Maharashtra Value Added Tax Act, 2002.

5.     Other Important Points
a.     Penalty proposed tor failure to apply for registration within prescribed time in case appellants fail to attend or seek adjournment on  3 occasions, they will be required to pay the lesser of 15% of disputed amount or INR 15 Crore, for the stay to continue.

b.     Time limit for preservation of books of accounts increased from 3 years to 8 years with retrospective effect

c.      Late fee of ` 1000 for delay in filling Profession Tax Return as against existing penalty of ` 300




Wednesday 11 April 2012

Excel Function : Look-up Formula


What Is a Lookup Formula?
A lookup formula essentially returns a value from a table (in a range) by looking up another value. A common telephone directory provides a good analogy: If you want to find a person’s telephone number, you first locate the name (look it up) and then retrieve the corresponding number.

The VLOOKUP function

The VLOOKUP function looks up the value in the first column of the lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specified table column. The lookup table is arranged vertically. The syntax for the VLOOKUP function is

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup)

The VLOOKUP function’s arguments are as follows:

Ø lookup_value: The value that you want to look up in the first column of the lookup table
Ø table_array: The range that contains the lookup table.
Ø col_index_num: The column number within the table from which the matching value is returned.
Ø range_lookup: Optional. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. (If an exact match is not found, the next largest value that is less than lookup_value is used.) If FALSE, VLOOKUP searches for an exact match. If VLOOKUP cannot find an exact match, the function returns #N/A.

If the range_lookup argument is TRUE or omitted, the first column of the lookup table
must be in ascending order. If lookup_value is smaller than the smallest value in the
first column of table_array, VLOOKUP returns #N/A.

If the range_lookup argument is FALSE, the first column of the lookup table need not be in ascending order. If an exact match is not found, the function returns #N/A.

If the lookup_value argument is text (and the fourth argument, range_lookup, is
FALSE), you can include the wildcard characters * and ?. An asterisk matches any group of characters, and a question mark matches any single character.

The classic example of a lookup formula involves an income tax rate schedule (see Figure 1).

The tax rate schedule shows the income tax rates for various income levels. The following formula (in cell B3) returns the tax rate for the income in cell B2:
=VLOOKUP(B2,D2:F7,3)
 
Figure 1: Using VLOOKUP to look up a tax rate.

The lookup table resides in a range that consists of three columns (D2:F7). Because the third argument for the VLOOKUP function is 3, the formula returns the corresponding value in the third column of the lookup table.
Note that an exact match is not required. If an exact match is not found in the first column of the lookup table, the VLOOKUP function uses the next largest value that is less than the lookup value. In other words, the function uses the row in which the value you want to look up is greater than or equal to the row value, but less than the value in the next row. In the case of a tax table, this is exactly what you want to happen.

The HLOOKUP function
The HLOOKUP function works just like the VLOOKUP function except that the lookup table is arranged horizontally instead of vertically. The HLOOKUP function looks up the value in the first row of the lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specified table row. The syntax for the HLOOKUP function is

HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)

The HLOOKUP function’s arguments are as follows:
Ø lookup_value: The value that you want to look up in the first row of the lookup table.
Ø table_array: The range that contains the lookup table.
Ø row_index_num: The row number within the table from which the matching value is returned.
Ø  range_lookup: Optional. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. (If an exact match is not found, the next largest value less than lookup_value is used.) If FALSE, VLOOKUP searches for an exact match. If VLOOKUP cannot find an exact match, the function returns #N/A.

If the lookup_value argument is text (and the fourth argument is FALSE), you can use
the wildcard characters * and ?. An asterisk matches any number of characters, and a
question mark matches a single character.
Figure 2 shows the tax rate example with a horizontal lookup table (in the range E1:J3).
The formula in cell B3 is =HLOOKUP(B2,E1:J3,3)

Figure 2: Using HLOOKUP to look up a tax rate.

 sources : Microsoft Excel -2010 formulas Book

Search This Blog